Working papers
Research Paper No.20
The effects of automation in the apparel and footwear industries and their gender dimensions: Indonesia case study
ILO Working Paper 115
Imbalances between supply and demand Recent causes of labour shortages in advanced economies
ILO Working paper 114
Institutional and labour relations regimes promoting decent working conditions for Local and Regional Government (LRG) Workers in Croatia, Germany, Greece, Spain, and Sweden
This publication presents a comparative analysis of the Local and Regional Government (LRG) sector workforce in five European countries: Croatia, Germany, Greece, Spain, and Sweden.
ILO Working paper 113
Financing gap for universal social protection: Global, regional and national estimates and strategies for creating fiscal space
ILO Working paper 112
New technologies, e-government and informality
This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and informality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscriptions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable employment, and the shadow economy's GDP share.
ILO Working paper 112
New technologies, e-government and informality - mobi
This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and informality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscriptions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable employment, and the shadow economy's GDP share. The study delves into the nuanced interplay between technology adoption and informality, suggesting that while technology adoption can reduce informality by enhancing productivity and government capacity, it can also create conditions to increase informality, such as the proliferation of own-account work for example. The paper empirically explores these forces and finds that e-government initiatives in the majority of cases reduce informality. However, while the potential of technology to reduce the shadow economy is clearer, addressing informal and vulnerable employment may require additional policy interventions. This research contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted and multidirectional relationship between technology and informality, and the potential for technology to enhance governance and public service delivery.
ILO Working paper 112
New technologies, e-government and informality - epub
This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and informality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscriptions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable employment, and the shadow economy's GDP share. The study delves into the nuanced interplay between technology adoption and informality, suggesting that while technology adoption can reduce informality by enhancing productivity and government capacity, it can also create conditions to increase informality, such as the proliferation of own-account work for example. The paper empirically explores these forces and finds that e-government initiatives in the majority of cases reduce informality. However, while the potential of technology to reduce the shadow economy is clearer, addressing informal and vulnerable employment may require additional policy interventions. This research contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted and multidirectional relationship between technology and informality, and the potential for technology to enhance governance and public service delivery.
ILO Working paper 111
Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s (epub)
This paper examines the evolution of educational and income mobility in the US since the 1980s, showing increased upward mobility for low-income individuals and decreased downward mobility for children of college graduates, highlighting the role of parental income in securing intergenerational wealth and the creation of a wealthy, educated elite.
ILO Working paper 111
Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s
This paper examines the evolution of educational and income mobility in the US since the 1960s, showing increased upward mobility for low-income individuals and decreased downward mobility for children of college graduates, highlighting the role of parental income in securing intergenerational wealth and the creation of a wealthy, educated elite.
ILO Working paper 111
Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s (mobi)
This paper examines the evolution of educational and income mobility in the US since the 1980s, showing increased upward mobility for low-income individuals and decreased downward mobility for children of college graduates, highlighting the role of parental income in securing intergenerational wealth and the creation of a wealthy, educated elite.
ILO Working paper 110
Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys (mobi)
This study analysed data covering a full decade of Thai economic activity. It is critical to recognize just how much has changed in the country over the intervening decade. Demographic change has resulted in overall population decline as well as a reduction in the number of people entering the labour force.
ILO Working paper 110
Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys
This study analysed data covering a full decade of Thai economic activity. It is critical to recognize just how much has changed in the country over the intervening decade. Demographic change has resulted in overall population decline as well as a reduction in the number of people entering the labour force.
ILO Working paper 110
Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys (epub)
This study analysed data covering a full decade of Thai economic activity. It is critical to recognize just how much has changed in the country over the intervening decade. Demographic change has resulted in overall population decline as well as a reduction in the number of people entering the labour force.
ILO Working paper 109
Working conditions of subnational government workers in selected African countries
This report provides a comprehensive evaluation of the institutional and labour relations regimes in six African countries: Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, and South Africa with a special emphasis on promoting decent working conditions for Local and Regional Government (LRG) workers.
ILO Working Paper 103
New Forms of Employment and Labour Protection in China
The objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic description and analysis of the diversity of the new forms of employment that have been emerging in China, with the focus on their background, the main types, the status quo of labour rights protection, and the government's responses to the challenges of labour regulations brought by NFE. Finally, on the basis of the above, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on how to improve workers' protection in new forms of Employment.
ILO Working Paper 103
New Forms of Employment and Labour Protection in China (epub)
The objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic description and analysis of the diversity of the new forms of employment that have been emerging in China, with the focus on their background, the main types, the status quo of labour rights protection, and the government's responses to the challenges of labour regulations brought by NFE. Finally, on the basis of the above, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on how to improve workers' protection in new forms of Employment.
ILO Working Paper 103
New Forms of Employment and Labour Protection in China (mobi)
The objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic description and analysis of the diversity of the new forms of employment that have been emerging in China, with the focus on their background, the main types, the status quo of labour rights protection, and the government's responses to the challenges of labour regulations brought by NFE. Finally, on the basis of the above, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on how to improve workers' protection in new forms of Employment.
ILO Working paper 108
Youth employment policies: Patterns and trends in two unique data sets (epub)
Youth employment challenges are always a critical concern for policymakers. There is recurring and mounting evidence that labour market challenges, such as unemployment, informality, lack of social protection and inactivity, disproportionately affect youths.
Report
Algorithmic Management practices in regular workplaces: case studies in logistics and healthcare
An analysis of algorithmic management in logistics and healthcare, examining its global impact on job quality and work organization
ILO Working paper 108
Youth employment policies: Patterns and trends in two unique data sets
Youth employment challenges are always a critical concern for policymakers. There is recurring and mounting evidence that labour market challenges, such as unemployment, informality, lack of social protection and inactivity, disproportionately affect youths.
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