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The effects of automation in the apparel and footwear industries and their gender dimensions: Indonesia case study
Cover for Automation in Apparel Industry in Indonesia Background paper 20

Research Paper No.20

The effects of automation in the apparel and footwear industries and their gender dimensions: Indonesia case study

ILO care policy investment simulator: Technical note
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Technical note

ILO care policy investment simulator: Technical note

This Technical Note provides guidance on how to use the online ILO Care Policy Investment Simulator by explaining the underlying methodology, calculations and results. The Simulator helps build tailor-made care policy investment packages to fill national gaps on care leave policies and services, as a means of advancing the ILO transformative agenda for gender equality and non-discrimination.

Imbalances between supply and demand Recent causes of labour shortages in advanced economies
Working paper 115 thumbnail

ILO Working Paper 115

Imbalances between supply and demand Recent causes of labour shortages in advanced economies

Identifying skills for transitions to formality in the Lebanese agri-food sector
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Identifying skills for transitions to formality in the Lebanese agri-food sector

Focus on Dairy Production and Non-Alcoholic Beverages

Diagnostic analysis of informality in agriculture, agri-food, and construction
publication cover page with workers

Diagnostic analysis of informality in agriculture, agri-food, and construction

Integrated approaches for formalization in Asia and the Pacific
Cover of the Integrated approaches for formalization in Asia and the Pacific

Integrated approaches for formalization in Asia and the Pacific

This report highlights why the multi-faceted dimensions of informality demand an integrated approach to formalization, outlines the nature of an integrated approach to employment formalization, reviews the extent that countries in Asia and the Pacific are applying integrated approaches to formalization, and provides examples and an action-oriented outline for advancing integrated approaches to formalization in the region.

Pacific Employment and Social Monitor, April 2024: Towards resilient labour markets and better jobs
Cover of the Pacific Employment and Social Monitor, April 2024: Towards resilient labour markets and better jobs

ILO Brief

Pacific Employment and Social Monitor, April 2024: Towards resilient labour markets and better jobs

The report highlights how low-quality jobs are driving migration from smaller Pacific islands and calls for targeted policies for inclusive decent work.

Formalization and simplified micro and small enterprise regimes: Towards reform of the Viet Nam household business legislation
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Formalization

Formalization and simplified micro and small enterprise regimes: Towards reform of the Viet Nam household business legislation

This paper proposes concrete recommendations to better integrate MSEs in Viet Nam in the formal economy, in addition to highlighting the importance of registration systems within a comprehensive and integrated policy framework for business formalization.

New technologies, e-government and informality - epub
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ILO Working paper 112

New technologies, e-government and informality - epub

This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and infor­mality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscrip­tions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable em­ployment, and the shadow economy's GDP share. The study delves into the nuanced interplay between technology adoption and informality, suggesting that while technology adoption can reduce informality by enhancing productivity and government capacity, it can also create con­ditions to increase informality, such as the proliferation of own-account work for example. The paper empirically explores these forces and finds that e-government initiatives in the majority of cases reduce informality. However, while the potential of technology to reduce the shadow economy is clearer, addressing informal and vulnerable employment may require additional pol­icy interventions. This research contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted and multi­directional relationship between technology and informality, and the potential for technology to enhance governance and public service delivery.

New technologies, e-government and informality
Working Paper 112 Cover

ILO Working paper 112

New technologies, e-government and informality

This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and infor­mality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscrip­tions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable em­ployment, and the shadow economy's GDP share.

Skills Matter!
Skills Matter cover

Skills development

Skills Matter!

The continuum of interventions allowed for meaningful changes in people’s lives, in institutions’ capacity, in companies’ productivity and in the way the TVET system operates. The ILO interventions, with the support of the European Union and the Government of Canada, aim to strengthen the skills system governance, the development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; the delivery of quality skills training and certification, and the inclusiveness of TVET. They include the European Union funded TVET-Reform project (2007-15) and Skills 21 project (2017-24), and the Government of Canada funded B-SEP project (2013-19), ProGRESS project (2022-27); and ISEC project (2022-25); ISEC is partially funded by the Kingdom of Netherlands.This brochure captures the main changes these projects brought forward for people, institutions, and companies.

Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s (epub)
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ILO Working paper 111

Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s (epub)

This paper examines the evolution of educational and income mobility in the US since the 1980s, showing increased upward mobility for low-income individuals and decreased downward mobility for children of college graduates, highlighting the role of parental income in securing intergenerational wealth and the creation of a wealthy, educated elite.

Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s
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ILO Working paper 111

Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s

This paper examines the evolution of educational and income mobility in the US since the 1960s, showing increased upward mobility for low-income individuals and decreased downward mobility for children of college graduates, highlighting the role of parental income in securing intergenerational wealth and the creation of a wealthy, educated elite.

Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s (mobi)
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ILO Working paper 111

Intergenerational trends in educational and income mobility in the United States of America since the 1960s (mobi)

This paper examines the evolution of educational and income mobility in the US since the 1980s, showing increased upward mobility for low-income individuals and decreased downward mobility for children of college graduates, highlighting the role of parental income in securing intergenerational wealth and the creation of a wealthy, educated elite.

Green Jobs Assessment Model Ghana
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Ghana

Green Jobs Assessment Model Ghana

Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys
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ILO Working paper 110

Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys

This study analysed data covering a full decade of Thai economic activity. It is critical to recognize just how much has changed in the country over the intervening decade. Demographic change has resulted in overall population decline as well as a reduction in the number of people entering the labour force.

Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys (epub)
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ILO Working paper 110

Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys (epub)

This study analysed data covering a full decade of Thai economic activity. It is critical to recognize just how much has changed in the country over the intervening decade. Demographic change has resulted in overall population decline as well as a reduction in the number of people entering the labour force.

Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys (mobi)
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ILO Working paper 110

Measuring labour market transitions of youths in Thailand: Evidence from rotation groups (2012–21) in the Labour Force Surveys (mobi)

This study analysed data covering a full decade of Thai economic activity. It is critical to recognize just how much has changed in the country over the intervening decade. Demographic change has resulted in overall population decline as well as a reduction in the number of people entering the labour force.

EMPLOYMENT Department Newsletter, March/April 2024
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EMPLOYMENT Department Newsletter, March/April 2024

Profile of Portugal’s Young NEETs
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Report

Profile of Portugal’s Young NEETs