All publications for topic

Impact of social policies adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on informal employment in Argentina

Diagnostic analysis of informality in agriculture, agri-food, and construction

Identifying skills for transitions to formality in the Lebanese agri-food sector

Focus on Dairy Production and Non-Alcoholic Beverages

Formalization

Formalization and simplified micro and small enterprise regimes: Towards reform of the Viet Nam household business legislation

This paper proposes concrete recommendations to better integrate MSEs in Viet Nam in the formal economy, in addition to highlighting the importance of registration systems within a comprehensive and integrated policy framework for business formalization.

ILO Working paper 112

New technologies, e-government and informality - epub

This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and infor­mality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscrip­tions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable em­ployment, and the shadow economy's GDP share. The study delves into the nuanced interplay between technology adoption and informality, suggesting that while technology adoption can reduce informality by enhancing productivity and government capacity, it can also create con­ditions to increase informality, such as the proliferation of own-account work for example. The paper empirically explores these forces and finds that e-government initiatives in the majority of cases reduce informality. However, while the potential of technology to reduce the shadow economy is clearer, addressing informal and vulnerable employment may require additional pol­icy interventions. This research contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted and multi­directional relationship between technology and informality, and the potential for technology to enhance governance and public service delivery.

ILO Working paper 112

New technologies, e-government and informality

This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and infor­mality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscrip­tions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable em­ployment, and the shadow economy's GDP share.

ILO Working paper 112

New technologies, e-government and informality - mobi

This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and infor­mality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscrip­tions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable em­ployment, and the shadow economy's GDP share. The study delves into the nuanced interplay between technology adoption and informality, suggesting that while technology adoption can reduce informality by enhancing productivity and government capacity, it can also create con­ditions to increase informality, such as the proliferation of own-account work for example. The paper empirically explores these forces and finds that e-government initiatives in the majority of cases reduce informality. However, while the potential of technology to reduce the shadow economy is clearer, addressing informal and vulnerable employment may require additional pol­icy interventions. This research contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted and multi­directional relationship between technology and informality, and the potential for technology to enhance governance and public service delivery.

Skills development

Skills Matter!

The continuum of interventions allowed for meaningful changes in people’s lives, in institutions’ capacity, in companies’ productivity and in the way the TVET system operates. The ILO interventions, with the support of the European Union and the Government of Canada, aim to strengthen the skills system governance, the development of skills policies and qualifications frameworks; the delivery of quality skills training and certification, and the inclusiveness of TVET. They include the European Union funded TVET-Reform project (2007-15) and Skills 21 project (2017-24), and the Government of Canada funded B-SEP project (2013-19), ProGRESS project (2022-27); and ISEC project (2022-25); ISEC is partially funded by the Kingdom of Netherlands.This brochure captures the main changes these projects brought forward for people, institutions, and companies.

Guidelines for reinforcing the role of labour inspectors in addressing undeclared work

Assessment of the Cambodian National Social Security Fund’s health insurance schemes

This study analyses the design, operation and achievements of the health insurance schemes of the Cambodian National Social Security Fund (NSSF), and proposes options and ideas for improvement of the healthcare system

Publication

Extending social protection for workers in Cambodia: A study to understand the characteristics of workers and enterprises in the informal economy

This report presents a study of the Cambodia labour force using data from the 2019 Cambodia Labour Force Survey (LFS) and 2019 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (SES). It provides a detailed analysis of the characteristics of workers and the respective enterprises in which they are employed, with an emphasis on those who are not currently covered by social security.

Insights into ILO Formalize Your Business in Côte d'Ivoire, The Gambia and Senegal

Key learnings from trainers and entrepreneurs

Informal employment and Undeclared work in the Horeca sector: Findings from North Macedonia

Baseline survey on the state of informality in the cultural and creative sectors in Zimbabwe

ILO Working Paper 103

New Forms of Employment and Labour Protection in China (epub)

The objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic description and analysis of the diversity of the new forms of employment that have been emerging in China, with the focus on their background, the main types, the status quo of labour rights protection, and the government's responses to the challenges of labour regulations brought by NFE. Finally, on the basis of the above, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on how to improve workers' protection in new forms of Employment.

Executive Summary: Arab States Employment and Social Outlook - Trends 2024

Promoting social justice through a just transition

ILO Working Paper 103

New Forms of Employment and Labour Protection in China (mobi)

The objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic description and analysis of the diversity of the new forms of employment that have been emerging in China, with the focus on their background, the main types, the status quo of labour rights protection, and the government's responses to the challenges of labour regulations brought by NFE. Finally, on the basis of the above, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on how to improve workers' protection in new forms of Employment.

ILO Working Paper 103

New Forms of Employment and Labour Protection in China

The objective of this paper is to provide a panoramic description and analysis of the diversity of the new forms of employment that have been emerging in China, with the focus on their background, the main types, the status quo of labour rights protection, and the government's responses to the challenges of labour regulations brought by NFE. Finally, on the basis of the above, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on how to improve workers' protection in new forms of Employment.

Arab States Employment and Social Outlook - Trends 2024: Promoting social justice through a just transition

Country Study

The employment effects of industrial symbiosis networks in the South African informal sector

This report deals with the employment effects of industrial symbiosis in the provinces of Gauteng and the Western Cape in South Africa. It focuses on the textile and construction value chains and formalization.